| Agency Costs - See Annual Cost |
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| Alligator Cracking - A series of interconnecting cracks in an asphalt pavement surface forming a pattern that resembles an alligator's hide or chicke... |
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| Analysis Period - The period of time used in making economic comparisons between rehabilitation alternatives. The analysis period should not be co... |
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| Annual Cost - Any costs associated with the annual maintenance and repair of the facility. |
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| Application Temperature - The manufacturer's recommended temperature to be used when installing sealant. For hot-applied sealants, the application tempera... |
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| Asphalt Tack Coat - A light application of asphalt, usually asphalt emulsion (liquid) diluted with water. It is used to ensure a bond between two bi... |
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| Asset Management - A systematic process of maintaining, upgrading, and operating physical assets cost-effectively. It combines engineering principl... |
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| Backer Material - A compressible material that is placed in joints or cracks before applying sealant to prevent bonding of the sealant on the bott... |
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| Bituminous Pavement - A pavement comprising an upper layer or layers of aggregate mixed with a bituminous binder, such as asphalt, coal tars, and natu... |
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| Bleeding - Excess asphalt binder occurring on the pavement surface. The bleeding may create a shiny, glass-like surface that may be tacky t... |
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| Block Cracking - A rectangular pattern of cracking in asphalt pavements that is caused by hardening and shrinkage of the asphalt. Block cracking ... |
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| Blow-up (Pavement) - Buckling and shattering of PCC pavement resulting from thermal expansion and the resultant compressive forces exceeding the stre... |
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| Bond Breaker - Any material used to prevent bonding or to separate adjacent pavement layers. Thin bituminous layers are often used as bond brea... |
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| Bonded Concrete Overlay - This overlay provides an increase in the pavement structure of a concrete pavement by addition of concrete thickness in direct c... |
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| Break (Curing) - The process in the curing of an asphalt emulsion (liquid) by which the globules of asphalt become separated from the water. The ... |
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| Bridge Corrective Maintenance - Maintenance performed once a deficiency occurs on the bridge. Examples: pothole filling, spall repair and bridge rail repair. |
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| Bridge Emergency Repairs - describes work activities generally necessary to return a bridge back to a minimum level of service following a significant even... |
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| Bridge Major Rehabilitation - Consists of structural or operational improvements that extend the service life of an existing bridge and/or improve its load-ca... |
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| Bridge Minor Rehabilitation - Consists of repairs to address deterioration of structural elements, protective surfaces or riding surfaces to extend the servic... |
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| Bridge Preservation - A program employing a network level, long term strategy that enhances bridge performance by using an integrated, cost-effective ... |
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| Bridge Preventive Maintenance - Is a planned strategy of systematic, cost-effective treatments to existing bridge elements that preserve the current condition a... |
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| Bridge Replacement - Is the replacement of the entire existing deficient bridge structure. |
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| Bridge Routine Maintenance - Defined as repair work typically performed by DOTD that is planned and carried out on a scheduled basis to maintain the bridge. ... |
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| California Profilograph - A rolling straight-edge tool used for evaluating pavement profile (smoothness) consisting of a 7.5m (25-ft) frame with a sensing... |
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| Carbide Milling - Surface removal or sawing done with a carbide milling machine. The machine uses a blade or arbor (a beam or shaft) equipped with... |
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| Chemically Curing Sealant - A sealant material that reaches its final properties through the reaction of the component materials when mixed. |
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| Chip Seal - A surface treatment in which the pavement is sprayed with asphalt (generally emulsified - liquid) and then immediately covered w... |
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| Cohesion - The internal bond (uniting) within a joint sealant material. Cohesion loss is seen as a noticeable tear along the surface and th... |
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| Cold Applied Sealant - A crack-sealing compound that is applied in an unheated state (generally at ambient (surrounding) temperature) and then reaches ... |
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| Cold In-place Recycling - A process in which a portion of an existing bituminous pavement is pulverized or milled, and then the reclaimed material is mixe... |
CIR |
| Cold Milling - A process of removing pavement material from the surface of the pavement either to prepare the surface to receive overlays (by r... |
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| Compressible Insert - Material used to separate freshly placed concrete (such as from a partial-depth or full-depth repair) from existing hardened con... |
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| Concrete Pavement Restoration - A series of repair techniques used to preserve or improve the structural capacity or functional characteristics of a PCC pavemen... |
CPR |
| Construction Joint - A joint constructed in a transverse (across) direction in PCC pavements to control cracking of the slab as it cures. Highway con... |
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| Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement - PCC pavement constructed with sufficient longitudinal steel reinforcement to control transverse-crack spacings and openings in l... |
CRCP |
| Contract Maintenance - The range of contracting methods and vehicles used by public transportation agencies to accomplish maintenance programs and supp... |
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| Corner Break - A portion of a concrete slab separated by a crack that intersects the adjacent transverse or longitudinal joints at about a 45 d... |
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| Corrective Maintenance - Maintenance performed once a deficiency occurs in the pavement, for example the filling of a pothole. |
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| Crack - Fissure or discontinuity of the pavement surface not necessarily extending through the entire thickness of the pavement. Cracks ... |
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| Crack Filling - The placement of materials into non-working cracks to substantially reduce the intrusion of incompressibles and infiltration of ... |
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| Crack Sealing - A maintenance procedure that involves placement of specialized materials into working cracks using unique configurations to redu... |
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| Cross Stitching - A repair method that involves the drilling of holes diagonally across a crack in PCC pavement into which steel reinforcement bar... |
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| Cure - See Curing |
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| Curing - The maintenance of a satisfactory moisture content and temperature in concrete during its early stages so that desired propertie... |
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| Curing Blanket - A built-up covering of burlap sacks, matting, straw, waterproof paper or other suitable material placed over freshly finished co... |
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| Curing Compound - A liquid that can be applied as a coating to the surface of newly placed concrete to retard the loss of water, or in the case of... |
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| Dense-Graded Asphalt Pavement - An overlay or surface course consisting of a mixture of asphalt binder and a well-graded (also called dense-graded) aggregate. A... |
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| Depression - Localized pavement surface areas at a lower elevation than the adjacent paved areas. |
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| Design Life - The expected life of a pavement from its opening to traffic until structural rehabilitation is needed. The typical reporting of ... |
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| Diamond Grinding - A process that uses a series of diamond-tipped saw blades mounted on a shaft or arbor to shave the upper surface of a pavement t... |
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| Dowel - Most commonly a plain round steel bar (usually coated, such as with paint or epoxy as a bond breaker), which extends into two ad... |
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| Dowel Bar retrofit - A rehabilitation technique that is used to increase the load transfer capability of existing jointed PCC pavements by placement ... |
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| Emergency Repairs - Work activities generally necessary to return a pavement back to a minimum level of service following a significant event such a... |
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| Emulsified Asphalt - A liquid mixture of asphalt binder, water, and an emulsifying agent. Minute globules of asphalt are suspended in water by using ... |
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| Fatigue Cracking |
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| Faulting - Differential vertical displacement of a slab or other member adjacent to a joint or crack. Faulting commonly occurs at transvers... |
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| Fiber Modified Sealant - Generally a hot-applied sealant that is composed of unmodified or modified asphalt cement and heat resistant polymeric fibers an... |
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| Fog Seal - A light application of slow setting asphalt emulsion (liquid) diluted with water and without the addition of any aggregate appli... |
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| Free Edge - An unrestrained pavement boundary. |
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| Fuel Resistant Sealant - A joint or crack sealant compound that is resistant to and maintains serviceability after being exposed to fuel or other petrole... |
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| Full-Depth Patching - Removal and replacement of a segment of pavement to the level of the subgrade in order to restore areas of deterioration. May be... |
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| Functional Performance - A pavement's ability to provide a safe, smooth riding surface. These attributes are typically measured in terms of ride quality ... |
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| Grinding Head - Arbor or shaft containing numerous diamond blades or carbide teeth on diamond grinding or cold milling equipment. |
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| Grooving - The process used to cut slots into a pavement surface (usually, although not always, PCC) to provide channels for water to escap... |
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| Heater Scarification - The initial phase of a hot in-place recycling (HIR) process in which the surface of the old pavement is heated and mechanically ... |
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| Hot Air Lance - A device that uses heated compressed air to clean, dry, and warm cracks prior to sealing. |
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| Hot Applied Sealant - A crack or joint sealing compound that is applied in a molten state and cures primarily by cooling to ambient (surrounding) temp... |
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| Hot In-place Recycling - A process which consists of softening the existing asphalt surface with heat, mechanically removing the surface material, mixing... |
HIR |
| Hot Mix Asphalt Concrete - A thoroughly controlled mixture of asphalt binder and well-graded, high quality aggregate thoroughly compacted into a uniform de... |
HMAC |
| Hydroplaning - Loss of contact between vehicle tires and roadway surface that occurs when vehicles travel at high speeds on pavement surfaces w... |
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| International Friction Index - A measure of pavement macrotexture and wet pavement friction at 60 miles per hour determined using measured friction at some tes... |
IFI |
| International Roughness Index - A measure of a pavement's longitudinal surface profile as measured in the wheelpath by a vehicle traveling at typical operating ... |
IRI |
| Joint - A pavement discontinuity (break or gap) made necessary by design or by interruption of a paving operation. |
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| Joint Depth - The measurement of a saw cut from the top of the pavement surface to the bottom of the cut. |
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| Joint Filler - Compressible material used to fill a joint to prevent the infiltration of debris. |
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| Joint Seal Deterioration - Break down of a joint or crack sealant, such as by adhesion or cohesion loss, which contributes to the failure of the sealant sy... |
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| Joint Sealant - Compressible material used to minimize water and solid debris infiltration into the sealant reservoir and joint. |
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| Joint Shape Factor - Ratio of the vertical to horizontal dimension of the joint sealant. Factor can vary depending on type of sealant specified. |
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| Jointed Plain Concrete Pavement - PCC pavement constructed with regularly spaced transverse joints to control all natural cracks expected in the concrete. Dowel b... |
JPCP |
| Jointed Reinforced Concrete Pavement - Portland cement concrete pavement containing regularly spaced transverse joints and embedded steel mesh reinforcement (sometimes... |
JRCP |
| Lane-to-Shoulder Dropoff - (highways, roads and streets only) Difference in elevation between the traveled surface and the shoulder surface. |
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| Life Cycle Costing - An economic assessment of an item, system, or facility and competing design alternatives considering all significant costs of ow... |
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| Life Extension - The extension of the performance period of the pavement through the application of pavement treatments. |
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| Load Transfer Efficiency - A measure of the ability of a joint or crack to transfer a portion of a load applied on one side of a joint or crack to the othe... |
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| Longitudinal Crack - A crack or discontinuity in a pavement that runs generally parallel to the pavement centerline. Longitudinal cracks may occur as... |
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| Longitudinal Joint - A constructed joint in a pavement layer that is oriented parallel to the pavement centerline. |
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| Low Modulus Sealant - A joint or crack sealing material, which is less stiff at low temperatures than standard grade sealants. |
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| Major Rehabilitation - Major rehabilitation consists of structural enhancements that extend the service life of an existing pavement system and/or impr... |
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| Maximum Heating Temperature - The maximum temperature, as recommended by the manufacturer, to which a hot-applied joint or crack sealant can be heated while c... |
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| Melter - A piece of equipment designed specifically to heat hot applied joint or crack sealant accurately and controllably to a temperatu... |
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| Melter Applicator - A piece of equipment designed specifically to melt, heat accurately and controllably, and apply hot-applied sealants to pavement... |
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| Microsurfacing - A mixture of polymer modified asphalt emulsion (liquid), mineral aggregate, mineral filler, water, and other additives, properly... |
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| Mineral Filler - A finely divided mineral product - commonly used mineral fillers include, limestone dust, hydrated lime, portland cement, and fl... |
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| Minimum Application Temperature - The minimum temperature, as recommended by the manufacturer, to which a hot-applied sealant for pavement cracks or joints must b... |
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| Minor Rehabilitation - Consists of non-structural improvements or repairs made to the existing pavement sections to address pavement distresses. ... |
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| Modified Asphalt Chip Seal - A variation on conventional chip seals in which the asphalt binder is modified with a blend of ground tire or latex rubber, or p... |
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| Open-Graded Friction Course - A thin HMA surface course consisting of a mix of an asphalt binder and open-graded (also called uniformly graded) aggregate. An ... |
OGFC |
| Overbanding - Overfilling of a joint or crack reservoir so that a thin layer of crack or joint sealant is spread onto the pavement surface cen... |
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| Partial Depth patching - Repairs of localized areas of surface deterioration of PCC pavements, usually for compression spalling problems, severe scaling,... |
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| Patch - Placement of a repair material to replace a localized defect in the pavement surface. |
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| Pavement Distress - External (visible) indications of pavement defects or deterioration. |
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| Pavement Preservation - A program employing a network level, long term strategy that enhances pavement performance by using an integrated, cost-effec... |
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| Pavement Replacement - the replacement of the entire existing pavement structure by the placement of an equivalent or increased pavement structure gene... |
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| Performance Period - The period of time that an initially constructed or rehabilitated pavement structure will perform before reaching its terminal s... |
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| Plant Mix - See Hot Mix Asphalt. |
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| Point Bearing - Concentration of compressive stressed between small areas. May occur when a partial-depth patch in portland cement concrete pav... |
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| Polishing - Wearing away of the surface binder, causing exposure of the coarse aggregate particles. A polished pavement surface is smooth a... |
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| Portland Cement Concrete Pavement (PCC) - A pavement constructed of portland cement concrete with or without reinforcement. Conventional PCC pavements include JPCP, JRCP... |
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| Potholes - Loss of surface material in an HMA pavement to the extent that a patch is needed to restore pavement rideability. |
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| Preformed Compression Sealant - An extruded joint sealing material for PCC pavement that is manufactured ready for installation and is supplied in rolls. Prefo... |
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| Present Serviceability Index (PSI) - A subjective rating of the pavement condition made by a group of individuals riding over the pavement. May also be determined b... |
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| Preventive Maintenance - Is a planned strategy of cost-effective, non-structural treatments to existing pavements that preserves the current condition an... |
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| Pumping - Ejection of fine-grained material and water from beneath the pavement through joints, cracks, or the pavment edge, caused by the... |
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| Raveling - Wearing away of the pavement surface caused by the dislodging of aggregate particles and loss of asphalt binder. |
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| Recycling Agents - Organic materials with specific chemical and physical characteristics that are used in pavement recycling to address binder defi... |
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| Reflection Cracking - Cracking that appears on the surface of a pavement above joints and cracks in the underlying pavement layer due to horizontal an... |
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| Rejuvenating Agent - Similar to recycling agents in material composition, these products are added to existing aged or oxidized HMA pavements in orde... |
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| Reservoir - The part of a portland cement concrete pavement joint that normally holds a sealant material, usually formed by a widening saw c... |
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| Retrofit Dowel Bars - Dowels that are installed into slots cut into the surface of an existing concrete pavement to restore load transfer. |
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| Rideability - A measure of the ride quality of a pavement as perceived by its users or roughness measuring equipment. |
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| Router - A mechanical device, with a rotary cutting system, that is used to widen, cut, and clean cracks in pavements prior to sealing. |
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| Routine Maintenance - Defined as repair work typically performed by DOTD that is planned and carried out on a scheduled basis to maintain the pavement... |
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| Rubberized Asphalt Concrete (RAC) - Similar to HMA but having a minimum 20% crumb rubber additive. RAC offers greater resistance to reflective cracking than convent... |
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| Rubberized Asphalt Sealant - A sealant, generally hot applied, that is composed of asphalt cement, various types of rubber or polymer modifiers, and other co... |
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| Rutting - Longitudinal surface depressions in the wheel path of an HMA pavement, caused by plastic movement of the HMA mix, inadequate com... |
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| Sand Seal - An application of asphalt binder, normally an emulsion (liquid), covered with a fine aggregate. It may be used to improve the s... |
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| Sandblasting - A procedure in which sand particles are blown with compressed air at a pavement surface to abrade and clean the surface. Sandbl... |
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| Sandwich Seal - A surface treatment that consists of application of asphalt emulsion (liquid) and a large aggregate, followed by a second applic... |
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| Scrub Seal - Application of a polymer modified asphalt to the pavement surface followed by the broom scrubbing of the asphalt into cracks and... |
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| Sealant - A material that has adhesive and cohesive properties to seal joints, cracks, or other various openings against the entrance or p... |
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| Sealant Reservoir - See Reservoir |
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| Sealing - The process of placing sealant material in prepared joints or cracks to minimize intrusion of water and incompressible materials... |
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| Sealing Compound - See Joint Sealant |
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| Segregation - Separation of aggregate component of asphaltic or portland cement by particle size during placement. |
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| Serviceability - Ability of a pavement to provide a safe and comfortable ride to its users. As such, it is primarily a measure of the functional... |
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| Settlement - A depression at the pavement surface that is caused by the settling or erosion of one or more underlying layers. |
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| Shoving - Localized displacement of an HMA pavement surface. Shoving is often caused by braking or accelerating vehicles. |
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| Silicone Sealant - A type of joint or crack sealant compound either self leveling or non-sag in application characteristics, that is based on polym... |
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| Skid Resistance - A measure of the frictional characteristics of a surface. |
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| Slab Stabilization - Process of injecting grout or bituminous materials beneath PCC pavements in order to fill voids without raising the pavement. |
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| Slippage cracking - Cracking associated with the horizontal displacement of a localized area of an HMA pavement surface. |
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| Slurry - Mixture of a liquid and fine solid particles that together are denser than water. |
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| Slurry Seal - A mixture of slow setting emulsified asphalt, well graded fine aggregate, mineral filler, and water. It is used to fill cracks ... |
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| Spalling, Compression - Cracking, breaking, chipping, or fraying of slab edges within 0.6 meters (2-ft) of a transverse crack. |
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| Spalling, Sliver - Chipping of concrete edge along a joint sealant usually within 12 mm (0.5in) of the joint edge. |
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| Spalling, Surface - Cracking, breaking, chipping, or fraying of slab surface, usually within a confined area less than 0.5 square meters (0.6 sy). |
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| Stone Matrix Asphalt - A mixture of asphalt binder, stabilizer material, mineral filler, and gap-graded aggregate. SMAs are used as a rut resistant we... |
SMA |
| Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer - A thin layer that is placed between an underlying pavement and an HMA overlay for the purpose of dissipating movements and stres... |
SAMI |
| Structural Condition - The condition of a pavement as it pertains to its ability to support repeated traffic loadings. |
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| Structural Overlay - An increase in the pavement load carrying capacity by adding additional pavement layers. |
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| Surface Texture - The microscopic and macroscopic characteristics of the pavement surface that contribute to surface friction and noise. |
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| Surface Treatment - Any application applied to an asphalt pavement surface to restore or protect the surface characteristics. Surface treatments in... |
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| Swell - A hump in the pavement surface that may occur over a small area or as a longer, gradual wave; either type of swell can be accomp... |
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| Systems Preservation Section - Contact: (225) 379-1951 |
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| Terminal Serviceability - The lowest acceptable serviceability rating before resurfacing or reconstruction becomes necessary for the particular class of h... |
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| Thin Overlay - A HMA overlay with one lift of surface course generally with a thickness of 38 mm (1.5 in) or less. |
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| Transverse Crack - A discontinuity in a pavement surface that runs generally perpendicular to the pavement centerline. In HMA pavements, transverse... |
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| Treatment Life - The period of time during which a treatment application remains effective. Treatment life is contrasted with Life Extension. |
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| Two Component Sealant - A sealant supplied in two components which must be mixed at a specified ratio prior to application in order to cure to final pro... |
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| Ultra-thin Overlay - An HMA overlay over an existing HMA or PCC pavement, generally less than 25 mm (1 in) in thickness. |
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| Ultra-thin Whitetopping - A thin (2 to 4 inch [50 to 100 mm]) PCC overlay over an existing HMA pavement. UTW is a functional overlay that provides a stabl... |
UTW |
| Unbonded Overlay - An HMA overlay over an existing HMA or PCC pavement, generally less than 25 mm (1 in) in thickness. – Increase in the ... |
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| User Costs - Costs incurred by highway users traveling on the facility, and the excess costs incurred by those who cannot use the facility be... |
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| Warranty - Contractual agreement between an approved contractor/vendor ad the agency soliciting bids, that uses specific performance measur... |
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| Waterblasting - The use of a high-pressure water stream (8500 to 10,000 psi) to clean PCC. It may be used in PCC joint resealing to remove sawi... |
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| Working Crack - A crack in a pavement that undergoes significant deflection and thermal opening and closing movements greater than 2 mm (1/16 in... |
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